With base substitution mutations, only a single nucleotide within a gene sequence is changed, so only one codon is affected (Figure 1). Insertions and deletions are two other types of mutations ...

The main difficulty in estimating rates of mutation involves the fact that DNA changes are extremely ... estimates should not be confused with substitution rates estimated over phylogenetic ...

The small study in patients with a rare disorder that causes liver and lung damage showed the potential for precisely ...

SARS-CoV-2 secondary structure shapes mutation frequencies, constraining viral evolution models predicting fitness can benefit from integrating secondary structure data.

“What is quite amazing is that it’s only one amino acid substitution ... expressing the human gene produced more basal radial glia and more neurons, strengthening the case for a causal relationship ...

This DNA has suffered a mutation, either through mis-copying (when its parent cell divided), or through the damaging effects of exposure to radiation or a chemical carcinogen.

For example, the so-called SBS4 (single base substitution ... which damages the DNA of human cells. The new work has found mutations caused by this microbe in 13% of the cancers analyzed.

Acquired DNA mutations found in the SERPINA1 gene can protect liver cells from damage in patients with alpha-1 antitrypsin ...

Mutations occur continuously and can be spontaneous. Most are caused by errors when the DNA is copied prior to cell division. They can also happen because of: ionising radiation close ionising ...

If it is a structural protein such as collagen, it might lose its strength. However, most DNA mutations do not alter a protein, they only alter it slightly so its appearance or function is not ...