Demand for railway transportation is increasing every year. Based on the increasing load and speed of rolling stocks, railway maintenance is intensively required due to the rapid deterioration.
Elevated rail temperatures can induce axial compressive stresses in continuous welded rail (CWR). If the rail temperature exceeds critical limits, it leads to track instability and an increased risk ...
Railway maintenance requires cost-effective solutions, as it is a very capital-intensive process for modern rail operators. Railway safety, punctuality, and passenger comfort depend on the railway ...