Well test analyses that include the first and second derivative of pressure plotted on a semilog scale can help detect radial flow. Plots of pressure data from short transient tests often fail to ...

Most operators know that air should be kept out of a heat exchanger’s cooling water supply line. Air can collect in pockets and block flow, increasing velocities, increasing system resistance, ...

When needed, surge tanks can provide a critical feature to the hydraulic design of hydropower projects. Principally, they can mitigate the overpressure effects of pressure transients or water hammer ...