Many ecological systems are subject critical transitions, which are abrupt changes to contrasting states triggered by small changes in some key component of the system. Temporal early warning signals ...

where A is an arbitrary square numeric matrix for which eigenvalues and eigenvectors are to be calculated. The following are properties of the unsymmetric real eigenvalue problem, in which the real ...

Many quantum algorithms are developed to evaluate eigenvalues for Hermitian matrices. However, few practical approach exists for the eigenanalysis of non-Hermintian ones, such as arising from modern ...

Network analysis begins with data that describes the set of relationships among the members of a system. The goal of analysis is to obtain from the low-level relational data a higher-level description ...